Math Symbols

Contains As Normal Subgroup ⊳

U+22B3 Added in Unicode 1.1 (1993)

⊳ is a mathematical symbol used in group theory to denote that a subgroup is a normal subgroup of a larger group.

Alt code Alt+8883
Codes
Unicode
Unicode name
Decimal
Windows Alt code
HTML entity
HTML decimal
HTML hex
Encodings & code escapes +
UTF-8 (hex bytes)
UTF-16 (hex units)
UTF-32
URL encoded
CSS content
JavaScript / TypeScript
JSON, Java, C#, C/C++
Python
Go
Rust, Swift, PHP, Ruby
Perl

Click any value to copy it. All escapes refer to the same code point U+22B3.

How to type ⊳ on Windows

The fastest method on a full-size keyboard is the Alt code Alt+8883.

  1. Make sure Num Lock is on.
  2. Hold down the Alt key.
  3. Type 8883 on the numeric keypad (the number row will not work).
  4. Release Alt. The contains as normal subgroup symbol ⊳ appears.

Note: Alt+8883 is a Unicode decimal code, not a classic code-page Alt code. It works in Microsoft Word, WordPad and some other apps, but not in Notepad or most browsers. In those apps, copy the symbol from this page instead.

No numeric keypad?

Press Win+. to open the emoji panel, choose the Symbols tab (Ω) and search for "contains as normal subgroup". Or open Character Map from the Start menu, find ⊳, click Select, then Copy.

How to type ⊳ on a Mac

There is no direct keyboard shortcut for ⊳ on a Mac.

For any symbol, the Character Viewer works: press Control+⌘+Space, type "contains as normal subgroup" in the search box and double-click the result. It will be remembered under Frequently Used.

How to type ⊳ on iPhone and iPad

The iOS keyboard does not include ⊳, so the reliable way is to copy it from this page, then press and hold in any text field and tap Paste.

If you use it often, create a shortcut: open Settings → General → Keyboard → Text Replacement, paste ⊳ in the Phrase field and type a short code such as ;contains in the Shortcut field. Typing that code will then insert ⊳ anywhere.

How to type ⊳ on Android

Copy the symbol from this page, then long-press in a text field and choose Paste. Gboard also keeps a clipboard history: tap the clipboard icon on the toolbar to paste it again later.

For a permanent shortcut, open Gboard settings → Dictionary → Personal dictionary, add ⊳ as the word and a short code as the shortcut.

How to type ⊳ in Microsoft Word

  1. Type the Unicode hex code 22B3 where you want the symbol.
  2. Press Alt+X. Word converts the code into ⊳.

This works on Windows in Word, Outlook and OneNote and needs no numeric keypad. You can also go to Insert → Symbol → More Symbols, set the font to a Unicode font and type 22B3 in the Character code box. In Excel, the formula =UNICHAR(8883) returns the symbol.

How to type ⊳ in Google Docs

Open Insert → Special characters, then either search for "contains as normal subgroup" or draw the symbol in the sketch box. Click the result to insert it. In Google Sheets, use =CHAR(8883).

⊳ in HTML, CSS and code

FormatCode
HTML entity⊳
HTML decimal⊳
HTML hex⊳
CSS content"\22B3"
JavaScript"\u22B3"
Python"\u22B3"
URL encoded%E2%8A%B3

Because ⊳ is a standard Unicode character (U+22B3), you can also paste it directly into any UTF-8 file. The escaped forms above are only needed when the file encoding is uncertain or the symbol must be entered on a keyboard without it.

Where the contains as normal subgroup symbol is used

Used in abstract algebra texts and lecture notes to express relationships like "N ⊳ G", meaning N is a normal subgroup of G. It appears mainly in academic and technical writing rather than everyday text, and is sometimes confused with the plain triangle symbol ▷ or the subset symbol ⊂.

Frequently asked questions

What does ⊳ mean in group theory? +

It indicates that the group on the left side is a normal subgroup of the group on the right, meaning it is invariant under conjugation by elements of the larger group.

Is ⊳ the same as ⊲? +

No, ⊲ shows the normal subgroup on the left of the containing group, while ⊳ shows it on the right; both express the same relationship in reverse order.

What is the Alt code for the contains as normal subgroup symbol? +

The Alt code for ⊳ is Alt+8883. Hold Alt, type 8883 on the numeric keypad, then release Alt. This is a Unicode code, so it works in Word and WordPad but not in every app; in other apps paste the symbol instead.

How do I type ⊳ on a Mac? +

There is no dedicated Mac shortcut for ⊳. Open the Character Viewer with Control + Command + Space, search for "contains as normal subgroup", and double-click it. Or copy it from this page.

How do I type the contains as normal subgroup symbol on iPhone or Android? +

Phone keyboards do not include ⊳ by default. Copy it from this page and paste it, or add it as a text replacement shortcut in Settings so you can type it with a short abbreviation.

What is the HTML code for ⊳? +

Use ⊳ in HTML. The numeric form ⊳ works too. In CSS use content: "\22B3" and in JavaScript use "\u22B3".

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